The organization was one of several fronts operated by German communist Willi Mnzenberg, a member of the Reichstag who had fled to France in 1933. Their fifth child, Harry George, was born in 1950. The gang of British spies who ended up in Moscow in the 1950s and 1960s were employed in KGB training schools and international research institutes. "If he continued drinking, he got inebriated quickly and changed in front of your eyes," she said. The two-drink tradition remained but in time there was no longer a need to hide the bottle, she added. Philby had been briefed on the situation shortly before reaching Washington in 1949; it was clear to Philby that the agent was Donald Maclean, who worked in the British Embassy at the time and whose wife, Melinda, lived in New York. Original reporting and incisive analysis, direct from the Guardian every morning, Kim Philby in Russia in 1968, five years after defecting. Their first three children, Josephine, John and Tommy Philby, were born between 1941 and 1944. "He once even said that it was the easiest way to bring life to an end. When they had not returned on the Sunday night, her mother was frantic. J. Edgar Hoover complained that Burgess used British Embassy automobiles to avoid arrest when he cruised Washington in pursuit of homosexual encounters. However, his son told The Telegraph that his fathers contribution to the physical demise of Western intelligence operatives is overstated: there is no information that anyone died as a result of Kim Philbys treachery, he said. "Once, a big group of us were on a trip on the Volga: Kim and I and, of course, his KGB escort, and the escort's daughter. [ | ] 1912 ' ( '), . [86][pageneeded]. After Donald Maclean fled to Moscow to escape arrest in Britain as the spy who, for 15 years, had passed state secrets to the Soviet Union, friends of his wife, Melinda, found it easy to believe that she knew nothing of her husbands treachery. His drinking made him paranoid that his wife would abandon him. Then, with no more information to be had, the story of the Macleans went dead. When visiting Paris after the war, he was shocked to discover that the address that he used for Mlle Dupont was that of the Soviet embassy. [64], In 1961, Anatoliy Golitsyn, a major in the First Chief Directorate of the KGB, defected to the United States from his diplomatic post in Helsinki. She was an object of both pity and fascination, and to get away from it all, she moved from their house on the Kent-Surrey border to Switzerland, with her mother. Solomon went to work for the British retailer Marks & Spencer. For a large sum of money, Volkov offered the names of three Soviet agents inside Britain, two of whom worked in the Foreign Office and a third who worked in counter-espionage in London. In January 1963, having finally been unmasked as a Soviet agent, Philby defected to Moscow, where he lived until his death in 1988. Given all that Melinda had gone through, the pity she had had to accept and the dissembling she had had to practise, that first meeting overseen by Soviet officials was a strained affair. Krivitsky claimed that two Soviet intelligence agents had penetrated the Foreign Office and that a third Soviet intelligence agent had worked as a journalist for a British newspaper during the civil war in Spain. Litzi lived in Paris before returning to London for the duration of the war; she ultimately settled in East Germany. In 1949 Philby was appointed first secretary to the British Embassy in Washington and served as chief British liaison with American intelligence agencies. [19] Maly was one of the Soviet Union's most powerful and influential illegal controllers and recruiters. On 23 May, concerned that Maclean had not yet fled, Philby wired Burgess, ostensibly about his Lincoln convertible abandoned in the Embassy car park. Born in Ambala, Punjab, British India, Harold Adrian Russell Philby was the son of Dora Johnston and St John Philby, an author, Arabist and explorer. Jun 27, 2019. He and his sister Josephine were flown to Moscow by the Russians for his father's funeral in 1988. , updated Melinda put the bravest of faces on her situation when she wrote to her still grief-stricken mother that she understood the suffering she had caused. birth date: 1912-01-01. birth place: Ambala. there is a new book on the shelves, a fictional account of philby and his recruitment when he went to vienna austria, then returning to Britain to carry out his duties. At the same time, Burgess was trying to get her into MI6. "It was winter and we were going out for a walk and I found one of my boots had disappeared. Philby worked at first as a freelance journalist; from May 1937, he served as a first-hand correspondent for The Times, reporting from the headquarters of the pro-Franco forces. Philby found that the award proved helpful in obtaining access to fascist circles: "Before then," he later wrote, "there had been a lot of criticism of British journalists from Franco officers who seemed to think that the British in general must be a lot of Communists because so many were fighting with the International Brigades. He took a job at a monthly magazine, the World Review of Reviews, for which he wrote a large number of articles and letters (sometimes under a variety of pseudonyms) and occasionally served as "acting editor. By IAN ALLEN | intelNews.org | [22][23], Alexander Orlov (born Lev Feldbin; code-name Swede), Philby's controller in Madrid, who had once met him in Perpignan, France, also defected. 149", "Up on the Catwalk Lyrics Simple Minds", The Defence of the Realm: The Authorized History of MI5, Stalin's Englishman: The Lives of Guy Burgess, Annotated bibliography of the Philby Affair, File release: Cold War Cambridge spies Burgess and Maclean, "Kim Philby: The Spy Who Loved Me" by Charlotte Philby, 12 June 2018, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kim_Philby&oldid=1139360835, Belgian comic authors Olivier Neuray and Valerie Lemaire wrote a series of three historical comics entitled "Les Cinq de Cambridge" involving Kim Philby. [citation needed], The SIS planned to interrogate Maclean on 28 May 1951. Registered in England No. burial place . No connection with Philby was made at the time, and Krivitsky was found shot in a Washington hotel room the following year. He died in 1983 at the age of 69, recording beforehand that I do not at all regret having done what seemed and still seems to me my duty. Most intelligence historians believe that Philby was almost single-handedly responsible for the deaths of dozens even hundreds of Western intelligence officers and agents who perished during the Cold War while on missions in the USSR and Eastern Europe. This statement was underlined twice in red and marked with two question marks, clearly indicating their confusion and questioning of this, by disbelieving staff at Moscow Central in the Lubyanka, according to Genrikh Borovik, who saw the telegrams much later in the KGB archives. His successor, Boris Bazarov, suffered the same fate two years later during the purges. To order a copy for 15, visit mailshop.co.uk/ books or call 0844 571 0640. Philby resigned from MI6 in July 1951. 14:46 GMT 17 Apr 2018, For 15 years, British diplomat Donald Maclean was passing state secrets to his KGB masters. His controller in Paris, the Latvian Ozolin-Haskins (code name Pierre), was shot in Moscow in 1937 during Joseph Stalin's Great Purge. He was an agent-in-place or a penetration agent or a mole if you wish of the KGB/NKVD. [66] She recalled returning home to Beirut from a sight-seeing trip in Jordan to find Philby "hopelessly drunk and incoherent with grief on the terrace of the flat," mourning the death of a little pet fox which had fallen from the balcony. After five years of silence, communications were re-established with family and friends. He is widely considered history's most successful double spy. Matthew Tomkinson / Heart of Arabia Expedition. In 1963 he was revealed to be a member of the Cambridge Five, a spy ring which had divulged British secrets to the Soviets during World War II and in the early stages of the Cold War. She cashed a substantial cheque, bought her toddler daughter some new clothes and settled an outstanding garage bill. "There was one funny incident," she remembered. [12][13] Philby had come to the Soviets' notice earlier that year in Vienna, where he had been involved in demonstrations against the government of Engelbert Dollfuss. [38] Nevertheless, Angleton's suspicions went unheard. George Blake, who is still alive, got on well with him than with Philby. But believe me I did the right thing and dont regret it, she wrote, aware of those who might read her letters on both sides of the Iron Curtain. Half sister of Harold Adrian Russell "Kim" Philby. Director Susan Johnson Writers Kara Holden (screenplay by) Caren Lissner (based on the novel by) Stars Bel Powley Nathan Lane Scott Keiji Takeda See production, box office & company info Watch on Netflix In contrast to Blake, Philby and Burgess and to a less extent Maclean suffered from nostalgia for Britain. Photograph: Daily Mail/Rex Features, MI5missed early chance to expose Soviet agent Kim Philby, files reveal, Charlotte Philby: We visited Kim in Moscow, Love and Deception: Philby in Beirut by James Hanning review the spy who loved, maybe, ASplinter of Ice review Graham Greene and Kim Philby clink glasses, Graham Greenes showdown with Soviet spy Kim Philby: A Splinter of Ice review, KimPhilby: new revelations about spy emerge in secret files, George Blake exemplified the desolation, waste and treachery of the cold war, Moscow names square after British double agent Kim Philby, Athriller of spies and betrayal: by Kim Philbys granddaughter. Please, The subscription details associated with this account need to be updated. Certain aspects of Soviet life did indeed disappoint Philby, with his wife claiming he was "particularly irritated by Brezhnev". Kim Philby, the most successful of the Cambridge spies, tried to drink himself to death in Moscow because he was disillusioned with communism and tortured by his own failings, his last wife has said in an interview. [63] From 1960, Philby's formerly marginal work as a journalist became more substantial and he frequently travelled throughout the Middle East, including Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Jordan, Kuwait and Yemen. They had already been down to the Embassy but being unable to work had come back". A more serious threat to Philby's position had come to light. [10], Philby acted as a courier between Vienna and Prague, paying for the train tickets out of his remaining 75 and using his British passport to evade suspicion. It is also true, she said, that he tried to kill himself at one point. His public position was that of First Secretary at the British Consulate; in reality, his intelligence work required overseeing British agents and working with the Turkish security services.[42]. [92] Melinda left Maclean and briefly lived with Philby in Moscow. Maclean was unsure how to act, feeling a mixture of guilt and love, not knowing where he stood with the children he had abandoned and not been able to contact. In late summer 1943, the SIS provided the GRU an official report on the activities of German agents in Bulgaria and Romania, soon to be liberated by the Soviet Union. By the end of the Second World War he had become a high-ranking member. I liked her determination. There was nothing more [he] could do. He and Aileen were married on 25 September 1946, while Aileen was pregnant with their fourth child, Miranda. Known as Kim to his friends, Philby secretly defected to the USSR from his home in Beirut, Lebanon, in 1963. Then she drove off with the children. When Jane Archer (who had interviewed Krivitsky) was appointed to Philby's section he moved her off investigatory work in case she became aware of his past. The head of MI6, Dick White, only recently transferred from MI5, had suspected Philby as the "third man". Because hed told her from the very start. In his early teens, he spent some time with the Bedouin in the desert of Saudi Arabia. His father Harold ''Kim'' Philby was a product of the British ruling class but, like his own eccentric father, the explorer and Arabist St John Philby, contemptuous of it. Philby admired the strength of her political convictions and later recalled that at their first meeting: A frank and direct person, Litzi came out and asked me how much money I had. He had been ordered to investigate Maclean, another double agent who had been passing British secrets to the Soviets. Shortly afterward, Philby was moved to the job as chief SIS representative in Washington, D.C., with his family. The news that Philby, a former MI6 officer, had been spying for the Russians since 1933 sounded an alarm in Whitehall. He spent the rest of his professional life as a self-employed joiner. He testified before the Dies Committee (later to become the House Un-American Activities Committee) regarding Soviet espionage within the US. Following his debriefing in the US, Golitsyn was sent to SIS for further questioning. Maclean bequeathed Blake his library of books, including Trollope, Macaulay's History of England, Morley's Life of Gladstone, and the Macmillan and Eden memoirs. But unlike his notorious father, who was hailed a hero in the Soviet Union and buried with full honours, Philby jnr led a low-profile life, and ran his own successful joinery business from a workshop near King's Cross in north London. harry george philby - dudley thomas philby Posted on by John Philby, who has died aged 65, was the eldest son of the Russian spy Kim Philby, unmasked in 1963 as a double agent and the notorious Third Man in the Cambridge spy ring of the 1930s, The spy who loved me: Charlotte Philby returns to Moscow Harry George Philby "Kim believed in a just society and devoted his whole life to communism. [62], In Lebanon, Philby at first lived in Mahalla Jamil, his father's large household located in the village of Ajaltoun, just outside Beirut. Death: Immediate Family: Daughter of St John Philby and Dora Philby. Opposites attracted. And he kept his word to the end." When he died, in 1988, he was buried with honors by the Soviet authorities. He had got afraid that I would leave, and hidden the boot.". Born in British India, Philby was educated at Westminster School and Trinity College, Cambridge. He barely embraced his wife. [11][pageneeded]. In 1965, he was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. Contained in the traffic (intercepted and decrypted as part of the Venona project) was information that documents had been sent to Moscow from the British Embassy in Washington. Wages and incomes of the population. A plaque in his honour was. Philby's work led to the deaths of dozens of British agents, making him a reviled traitor once he was exposed in Britain. Pukhova said he was a "special" and principled man. Philby was suspected of tipping off two other spies under suspicion of Soviet espionage, Donald Maclean and Guy Burgess, both of whom subsequently fled to Moscow in May 1951. Elliott confronted him, saying, "I once looked up to you, Kim. [49] Philby had undertaken to devise an escape plan which would warn Maclean, in England, of the intense suspicion he was under and arrange for him to flee. His mother resented Burgess and his close relationship with her husband, and began staging accidents to claim attention; she reported being mugged in her car; on another occasion she set fire to the living room, suffering serious burns. Eventually, Tommy visited Kim five times in Moscow in the 1970s. [4][5], Nicknamed "Kim" after the boy-spy in Rudyard Kipling's novel Kim,[3] Philby attended Aldro preparatory school, an all-boys school located in Shackleford near Godalming in Surrey, England, United Kingdom. (LogOut/ After Philby's father was accused in the British Parliament of ''dubious Third Man activities'' in 1955, the son's classmates were enthralled to think his father might be a spy, and the boy basked in the reflected glow of notoriety. Another effort was made using a Turkish gulet for a seaborne landing, but it never left port. And while on holiday in Majorca, she gave away a lot of her clothes to the maid of a family she was staying with. '', he would reply: ''Oh yes, I'm his son.''. Yesterday, in our serialisation of an electrifying biography based on newly released papers, we heard how he fled to Moscow just as he was about to be arrested leaving behind his supposedly innocent wife. All was reasonably well between them until Kim Philby the master-spy who recruited him back in their Cambridge days himself defected in 1963. '', Finding himself the son of the most reviled man in Britain, Philby jnr was nonetheless surprised to discover how like his father he was; he was the closest of his siblings to his father, and visited him in the Soviet Union on at least 12 occasions. the title escapes me at the moment. His birth fell on Armistice day four years. Philby was only an agent of one service, the KGB. She flirted with other men and had affairs. Fergie is horrified that [Donald] might have done something wrong at the office and the FO will be very angry when he returns. [88], While working as a correspondent in Spain, Philby began an affair with Frances Doble, Lady Lindsay-Hogg, an actress and aristocratic divorce who was an admirer of Franco and Hitler. I think that he was of Czech origin; about 5ft 7in, stout, with blue eyes and light curly hair. In 1940 he began working for the United Kingdom's Secret Intelligence Service (SIS or MI6). Melinda, it turned out, had driven to Lausanne, where tickets were waiting and luggage had been left in a station locker. In a 1981 lecture to the East German security service (the Stasi), Philby attributed the failure of the British Secret Service to unmask him as due in great part to the British class systemit was inconceivable that one "born into the ruling class of the British Empire" would be a traitorto the amateurish and incompetent nature of the organisation, and to so many in MI6 having so much to lose if he was proven to be a spy. And in 1951, as his spying activities unravelled and his Soviet masters told him to defect, she agreed the best course of action was for him to be ex-filtrated rather than try to brazen out the accusations of treachery that were soon to be levelled at him. [84] Despite reports to the contrary, Philby's wife claimed in a 1997 interview that the idea of Philby becoming depressed and destitute in Moscow was "a myth". She noted that they produced an extraordinary wealth of information on German war plans but next to nothing on the repeated question of British penetration of Soviet intelligence in either London or Moscow. She was later sent to a Swiss clinic for treatment. Want to Read. After the magazine's owner changed the paper's role to covering Anglo-German trade, Philby engaged in a concerted effort to make contact with Germans such as Joachim von Ribbentrop, at that time the German ambassador in London. The photographs depict many of the protagonists in this political and military struggle, including Colonel T.E. They even had a dacha a country cottage 20 miles from Moscow where the children could swim, fish, bicycle and forage for mushrooms. The KGB would stamp the documents "top secret" and begin their circulation. [3], On the evening of 23 January 1963, Philby vanished from Beirut, failing to meet his wife for a dinner party at the home of Glencairn Balfour Paul, First Secretary at the British Embassy. Philby suffered only a minor head wound. Philby claimed to have overheard discussion of this by chance and sent a report to his controller. Solomon introduced Philby to the woman who would become Philby's second wife, Aileen Furse. [11][pageneeded] After being evacuated from Boulogne on 21 May, he returned to France in mid-June and began representing The Daily Telegraph in addition to The Times. He needed a secret sharer in his life as well as someone to admire him. Some could never quite come to terms that he was a traitor. 4 Comments. regarding his possible Soviet affiliations continued. But in Russia he is still admired as a hero. [11][pageneeded], Both the British and the Soviets were interested in analyzing the combat performance of the new Messerschmitt Bf 109 fighter planes and Panzer I and Panzer II tanks deployed with Falangist forces in Spain. Date of birth/Age: Jan 16, 2000 (23) Citizenship . Macleans study resembled that of a Cambridge professor, with copies of Trollope, biographies of Gladstone and airmail editions of The Times. He recalled that in 1948, when he was five, Burgess came to stay for a holiday. [17], In London, Philby began a career as a journalist. [3] St John was a member of the Indian Civil Service (ICS) and later a civil servant in Mesopotamia, and advisor to King Ibn Sa'ud of Saudi Arabia. Henry was born circa 1823, in Loughton, Essex, England. ''His boozy amours, his tough postures, his intelligence expertise, are directly related to the same characteristics in (Ian) Fleming's hero. After leaving Cambridge, Philby worked as a journalist, covering the Spanish Civil War and the Battle of France. The man described himself as Otto. Filed under A specialized intelligence website written by experts, since 2008 We have noticed that there is an issue with your subscription billing details. [44] She was sent to a clinic in Switzerland to recover. She emphasised the strength and goodness of their fathers moral and political beliefs as a committed communist who wanted peaceful co-existence between East and West. Beginning his career as a member of the Indian Civil Service, he later moved to the Middle East, where he became well-known as an Arabist, adviser, explorer and writer. The son, too, embraced left-wing politics and joined the Young Socialists when he was 17, after he enrolled at the Hornsey School of Art to study painting and sculpture. [70] The Dolmatova, a Soviet freighter bound for Odessa, had left Beirut that morning so abruptly that cargo was left scattered over the docks;[58] Philby claimed that he left Beirut on board this ship. Guarded night and day by KGB troops, and rigorously de-briefed to make sure they were not double agents, to all intents and purposes they were under house arrest. Pierre-Charles Path. Dora Patricia Cardew Philby. Harry George Philby Birth. [39][5], The intervention of Philby in the affair and the subsequent capture of Volkov by the Soviets might have seriously compromised Philby's position. Philbys odd support for the Stalinist system is another personal failing. "If he did not act at once it would be too late," the telegram read, "because [Philby] would send his car to the scrap heap. In August 1956 he was sent to Beirut as a Middle East correspondent for The Observer and The Economist. Without Club Last club: Basingstoke Most games for: Reading U18 Without Club since: Dec 22, 2018 . 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