Some manufacturing has been relocated away from China since the trade war with the U.S. began in 2018, but that hasnt made a dent in either Chinas exports or Americas trade deficit. Lets imagine the personal history of a Chinese woman who is 65 today. Western systems are . The United States takes in with high respect the principles of democracy and individualism. For international business management of doing business in a country like China, it can sometimes get hard since it is not possible to function liberally as in a democratic nation. Investors anywhere should invest in a socially responsible way to advance human rights, adhering to a high standard for labor practices, gender equality, investment in human capital, and charitable contributions. In this view, Trump wont necessarily lose if he fails to bring the pandemic under control; but if he fails to save the U.S. economy, his fate is sealed. He wisely noted that "Democracy is not Coca-Cola, which, with the syrup produced by the United States, tastes the same across the world. The critical distinction is that the Chinese system is not only Marxist, its Marxist-Leninist. All the work should be used in accordance with the appropriate policies and applicable laws. The resulting victory, which for decades the CCP spun as its solo vanquishing of an external enemy, was reinforced by defeat of an internal one (Chiang Kai-shek in 1949), establishing the legitimacy of the party and its authoritarian system. Accelerate your career with Harvard ManageMentor. When U.S. power interests change, so does the ideological cover, the most typical being the liberal ideology having come to an end and the U.S. coming up with the notion of fair trade. That focus on securing short-term gain is why the young asset manager in Shanghai left a good long-term job for a relatively small but immediate pay raisebehavior that still plagues many businesses trying to retain talent and manage succession pipelines in China. As a result, economic growth came in tandem with social progress (through, for example, legislation protecting individual choice and minority rights), which made it easy to imagine that they were two sides of a coin. In Vietnam, there are three different people. These are valid points and deserve to be expanded upon in order to enlighten others further. But much of the technological progress has come from a highly innovative and well-funded military that has invested heavily in Chinas burgeoning new industries. The founding fathers of USA forecasted their nation to be one that respects and follow basic human rights and Biblical ideas as guidance. ), Copyright 2020 CGTN. China's Transition from Socialism? (2012). Yet as soon as that ideological cover is removed, internal contradictions immediately reveal themselves. The U.S. continues to vilify China, and China does itself no favors with its poor policy on human rights. The U.S., on the other hand, is infamous for its self-deluded belief in so-called "American Exceptionalism," to which end it obsessively seeks to force all others to change their ways in order to replicate its own radically. So a Marxist-Leninist system is concerned not only with economic outcomes but also with gaining and maintaining control over the system itself. The vehicles for much of this investment are still the CCPs Soviet-style five-year plans, which include the development of what Xi has termed an eco-civilization built around solar energy technology, smart cities, and high-density, energy-efficient housing. The authors suggest that those assumptions are rooted in three essentially false beliefs about modern China: (1) Economics and democracy are two sides of the same coin; (2) authoritarian political systems cant be legitimate; and (3) the Chinese live, work, and invest like Westerners. In fact, the Chinese word for the resolution of a conflict (jiejue) can imply a result in which one side overcomes the other, rather than one in which both sides are content. The United States is famous for being ethnically and religiously diverse, but most of the branches of the government are made up of Christian and White males who have come from affluent backgrounds and studied from elite universities such as the Ivy Leagues. Wherever PAG operates, we adhere to the same environmental, social, and governance policies. The executive branch of the government holds the highest position of head of state and the cabinet as well, which is appointed by the National Peoples Congress. Regardless of who wins, it is unlikely that one of the . But the technology war also hurts U.S. suppliers. But its also conspicuously different: The concept of U.S. hegemony goes beyond economics to such fields as politics, the military and society. Looking into the future, the path for China-U.S. cooperation will become more tortuous owing to the nationalist ideological struggle triggered by the coronavirus. Its a plausible narrative. Is your time best spent reading someone elses essay? This suggests that something distinctive to mainland China influences this behavior: long-term unpredictability thats sufficiently recent to have been experienced by or passed on to those now buying stocks. Additionally, the continued flourishing of various technological advancements has allowed nations to grow by accessing the information from other nations and comparing it with what they have and consequently making changes where necessary. Much of Donald Trumps rhetoric and his actions on China were meant to deflect attention from his leadership failures at home, such as neglecting his duty to protect the public from the coronavirus. Chinas Good War: How World War II Is Shaping a New Nationalism. Recognizing that the authoritarian Marxist-Leninist system is accepted in China as not only legitimate but also effective is crucially important if Westerners are to make more-realistic long-term decisions about how to deal with or invest in the country. Demonstrators shout "Don't shoot" at the police after curfew as they protest the death of Daunte Wright who was shot and killed by a police officer in Brooklyn Center, Minnesota, April 12, 2021. With less than a quarter of Chinas population, America has a death toll about 100 times Chinas and counting. The nationalist identification model that serves the U.S. goal of self-identification. The legislative branch of the government is responsible for making laws through the Congress and House of Representatives, both of which hold elected officials that create legislation for their constituents while the Judicial branch of the government is responsible for upholding and interpreting these laws through the highest court in the land Supreme Court and High Courts which tend to follow their own state law. The truth, then, is that China is not an authoritarian state seeking to become more liberal but an authoritarian state seeking to become more successfulpolitically as well as economically. The Chinese can see this as crass and boastful, while in the United States, humility can be regarded as a sign of weakness. In this interview he talks about the accessibility of the Chinese market, Americas demonization of China, what the Chinese dont understand about the U.S., and more. The pandemic has added urgency, but American politicians appear not to have found the answers. Is a China-U.S. decoupling a real possibility? This paper analyzed the different political structures of both countries and highlighted the stark differences between a democratic state and a communist state, but the analysis also provided one similarity, which was the elitist government structure that existed in both political structures. The harsh reality of the pandemic has given rise to political competition with characteristics not seen before, sounding the alarm for future bilateral relations. You cant become a senior leader in China without having proved your worth as a manager. What has caused the frequent conflicts between the two countries? (b) The national average SP of CO2 is 266.8 US dollars per ton, which is much higher than the carbon price in the emission trading system. As market research consistently tells us, the majority of individual Chinese investors behave more like traders. Would you like to get this essay by email? Seventy years on, many Chinese believe that their political system is now actually more legitimate and effective than the Wests. Only a sudden surge of such events would herald an economic crisis. In that period there has been ruins of buildings as well as joy of victories, rapid advance in success as well as pride, tortuous ordeals and lesions from mistakes done . Businesspeople and politicians in the West hold outdated beliefs about the second-largest economy in the world. For example, a 2015 survey found that 81% of them trade at least once a month, even though frequent trading is invariably a way to destroy rather than create long-term fund value. Accelerate your career with Harvard ManageMentor. HBR: Chinas economy seems to be the healthiest in the world at the moment. Empowered by Xi to deal with the corruption that had become so prevalent early in that decade, the commission can arrest and hold suspects for several months; its decisions cannot be overturned by any other entity in China, not even the supreme court. Until Western companies and politicians accept this reality, they will continue to get China wrong. The United States had maintained a fairly consistent foreign policy until Trump. As the author Yuval Noah Harari has pointed out, liberalism has had few competitors since the end of the Cold War, when both fascism and communism appeared defeated. In much Western analysis the verb most commonly attached to Chinas reforms is stalled. The truth is that political reform in China hasnt stalled. While hierarchy and equality may appear to the post-Enlightenment West to be antithetical concepts, in China they remain inherently complementary. If a business is successful, its usually open to taking outside capital so that it can quickly expand nationwide. Investors have always been enticed by Chinas vast market. Although there are key historical and political differences between China's relationship to Taiwan and Russia's relationship to Ukraine, there are parallels, too, especially in the present . A nation that practice individualism and democracy is more likely to have an economic system that is market-based and this is more desirable since it allows businesses to produce what their products maximally thereby making desirable profits. Weijian Shan understands the delicate U.S.-China dynamic as well as anyone. China has been shifting away from an investment-driven growth model to one led by private consumption. Chinas is the only major economy that requires no special approval for foreign direct investments, although some sectors, such as Lived Change media and the internet, are on a negative list that restricts them. Most significantly, the British have a democratic parliamentary government, headed by a monarch and prime minister. These similarities are real, but they are manifestations of the wealth and personal aspirations of Chinas newly affluent middle class, and they in no way negate the very real differences between the political systems of China and the West. PAG invested about $100 million in a digital music business in China a few years back which subsequently merged with a similar business and changed its name to Tencent Music Entertainment. Nations without better access to such facilities depend on their agriculture and natural resources to enhance economic growth. Comparision between US, UK, and China's Political Systems The United States Of America is a liberal democratic country, and the basic elements of democracy (majority rule, government by popular consent, one person one vote, and competitive elections, to name a few) are revered. Furthermore, it is important for nations to be flexible when it comes to global market system and change laws when necessary in order to attract investment and grow the economy like China did. As the United States is considered a representative republic, citizen engagement is all the more important and starts with providing the citizens of the country, regardless of gender and over the age of 18, the right to vote for their communities in the form of local elections that can elect congresses that represent their towns and constituencies as well in the Presidential election for the various arms of the executive branch. That leaves much room for growth and many opportunities for investors, particularly in businesses that cater to consumers. This shapes the way they make long-term commitments, especially those that entail short-term trade-offs or losses. Hire a professional with VAST experience! Policy makers, in contrast, looking for ways to gain more control and sovereignty over the future, now play a much longer game than the West does. Simmons-Harris Comparative Politics Constitutional Powers Successful Pressure Groups UK and US Constitution Foundations of American Democracy Amendments After the Bill of Rights Articles of Confederation Brutus Papers Checks and Balances Commerce Clause Concurrent Powers Confederation Constitutional Amendment Process Contract with America 13 Cultural Differences Between the U.S. and China Social Structure Confrontation/Conflict Self Face/Reputation Business Relations Morals Recognition of the Dead Humility Time Sensitivity Respect Multiculturalism Lack of Personal Space Respect for Elders 1. For any deep analysis of the ideological aspects of the China-U.S. rivalry to be complete, two questions need to be answered: What political interests do the ideologies serve, and in what forms are they presented? That means that despite the trade war, the technology war, and the capital warthe U.S. governments restricting American investment in ChinaChinas GDP will most likely be 10% bigger in 2022 than it was in 2019, whereas the U.S. economy probably will only recover to 2019 levels by 2022, according to the International Monetary Fund. A decade ago its retail-goods market was about $1.8 trillionless than half that of the United States. Both countries have human rights issues, although in different forms. Eligible voters are chosen through a register for rural and urban voters to make the process easier, and smaller elections have a number of 200 to 300 voters while the larger level can have up to 1000 voters. Consequently, the freedom of running businesses without much obstacles leads to an increase in modernization and innovation increase and the country realizes better economic growth. The United States government structure is one of the largest democracies in the world and has been considered by many as one of the perfect democracies which the country and its citizens have prided themselves over. Ideological competition between China and the U.S. in recent years comes in three basic models: The nationalist hegemony model that ultimately serves U.S. hegemonistic purposes in the international community. Also, while its relatively easy to shift the sourcing of a low-value-added product from China to Vietnam or Mexico, how can you move an entire supply chain with many indigenous players? In International Business: Competing in the global marketplace (11th ed.). The president controls the army. We are using Google Analytics to enhance your experience. Some real differences between the two countries do exist, but they have historically managed them without escalating tensions. She was a Red Guard as a teenager, screaming adoration for Chairman Mao while her parents were being re-educated for being educated. Mandarin. Politicians and business leaders continue to misread Chinas strategy and politics. The top diplomat also condemned the U.S.'s description of his country as "authoritarian" simply because its democracy is different than America's. Part of the systems legitimacy in the eyes of the Chinese is, again, rooted in history: China has often had to fight off invaders and, as is rarely acknowledged in the West, fought essentially alone against Japan from 1937 until 1941, when the U.S. entered World War II. It will take years if not decades for China to catch up in some areas, at great cost. Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi made an excellent remark about political systems across the world while speaking with the U.S. Council on Foreign Relations last week. Springer. The complete Spotlight package is available in a single reprint. The top 10 American semiconductor chip makers sell about three times as much in China as in the United States. China is also often at pains to suggest to foreign governments or investors that it is similar to the West in many aspectsconsumer lifestyles, leisure travel, and a high demand for tertiary education. The differences between people of different cultures far outweigh their similaritiesI believe that differences in people of different cultures far outweigh their similarities.. Its aggressive handling of Covid-19in sharp contrast to that of many Western countries with higher death rates and later, less-stringent lockdownshas, if anything, reinforced that view. First, China and the United States are at different stages of development. China and the United States significantly differ in terms of the economic, legal and political system but this does not stop them from being the top two nation with the biggest economy worldwide. In terms of political system, China is unique to all other countries in the world since up to date it is still run by a Communist party (Nolan, 2012). The complete Spotlight package is available in a single reprint. China, however, has been able to sustain and grow its economy as much as it practices a command economy. And only the U.S. can threaten Americas economic supremacyby underinvesting in its own infrastructure and by limiting trade. - Quora Answer (1 of 17): Americans hold the individual in the highest regard, whereas Chinese hold the community in the highest regard. (2016). In 2019 that market reached $6 trillion, surpassing the U.S. level of $5.5 trillion. This shared quest for predictability explains the continuing attractiveness of an authoritarian system in which control is the central tenet. The primary contrast between China and the U.S. is that the former supports political diversity while the latter aggressively imposes its envisioned political conformity upon all others. Chinas leaders argue that its essentially Leninist rule book makes Chinese politics far less arbitrary or nepotistic than those of many other, notably Western, countries (even though the system has its share of back-scratching and opaque decision-making). In our work we have come to see that people in both business and politics often cling to three widely shared but essentially false assumptions about modern China. But defaults and bankruptcies are common in a market economy. Americans Dont Know How Capitalist China Is, A version of this article appeared in the. But even those concepts lead to considerable misunderstanding on the part of Westerners, who often reduce Confucianism to cloying ideas about peace and cooperation. Most ordinary people we meet dont feel that the authoritarian state is solely oppressive, although it can be that; for them it also provides opportunity. That figure is higher than in all Western countries (for example, only 53% of U.S. individual investors trade this frequently); its also even higher than in neighboring Hong Konganother Han Chinese society with a predilection for gambling and a similar, capital-gains-tax-free regime. The geographic location of a country, its educational, political and legal systems plays a key role in the economic well-being of a country. Globalization. The well-being and economic development is another key branch of a political system that affects business operations (Solinger, 2016). Thats why ordinary Chinese people see Chinese companies such as Alibaba, Huawei, and TikTok as sources of national prideinternational vanguards of Chinese successrather than simply sources of jobs or GDP, as they might be viewed in the West. And when Xi announced, in 2017, that the three critical battles for Chinas development would fall in the areas of reducing financial risk, addressing pollution, and alleviating poverty, he also made it clear that the objective of these reforms was to solidify the system rather than to change it. Our response? The reality is quite different. For example, the British role in the Opium Wars of the 1840s kicked off a 100-year period that the Chinese still refer to as the Century of Humiliation. China has been shifting away from an investment-driven growth model to one led by private consumption. Chinas rapid economic growth is the result of its embrace of a market economy and private enterprise. There are two political theories that are needed in the discussion, the elite and the pluralist theory. That means not that these people are unconcerned with long-term outcomes but, rather, that their risk aversion increases significantly as the time frame lengthens. (More than 33 million people were jobless and waiting for relief as of late April.) Its monetary policy is reasonably tight, with the yield on government bonds about 3.5 times that on U.S. Treasuries. This review discusses recent efforts to systematically compare three leading values in China's philosophical traditionsmeritocracy, hierarchy, and harmony . With its democratic society, the U.S. is unable to prevent financial capitalism from swelling, or to take dramatic action against vested interests to formulate a model under which finance and industry mutually optimize and complement one another. Borner, S., Brunetti, A., & Weder, B. That Canada has elected communists to office, I suggest is just about as important a disparity as the American gun insanity. Had she been born in 1955 in almost any other major economy in the world, her life would have been much, much more predictable. If China were concerned only with economic outcomes, it would welcome foreign businesses and investors and, provided they helped deliver economic growth, would treat them as equal partners, agnostic as to who owned the IP or the majority stake in a joint venture. As Western attention focused on the deepening ties between China and Russia and the potential transfer of Chinese military aid to Moscow, Belarusian ruler Alyaksandr Lukashenka embarked on a three . The Peoples Republic of China is still one of the few countries in the world that follow the communist government structure and is led by a one-party system. The President and the National Peoples Congress, which is the main body of the country, are all elected by the Peoples Congress. Either way you slice it, the economies are the two strongest . In fact, the pandemic has made the world more dependent on Chinese exports, which grew 21% in November over the previous year. Leninism, however, is essentially a political doctrine; its primary aim is control. What's most ironic about this observation is that domestic American politics are nowadays focusing on the merits of diversity, yet its foreign policy is exclusively predicated on conformity. Even in Beijing many people wore Mao suits and cycled everywhere; only senior Chinese Communist Party (CCP) officials used cars. China, meanwhile, doesn't apply any such double standards. For liberals (in China and elsewhere), this is an appalling prospect; but for many ordinary people in China, its a perfectly reasonable part of the social contract between the individual and the state. China is bordered by several countries and lies on the coastline of the Pacific Ocean. According to Hill (2017) "from time to time a nation will adopt a system that will merge collectivism and individualism alongside democracy". In 2020, a year of severe difficulties all over the world, there was no significant increase in Chinese corporate defaults. Many people have wrongly assumed that political freedom would follow new economic freedoms in China and that its economic growth would have to be built on the same foundations as in the West. From the depth of their hearts, Americans confront the reality that the beacon of freedom has to learn from the authoritarian government of communist China in some respects. The technology war waged by the Trump administration forced China to develop critical technologies, such as semiconductor chips, for which it has relied on U.S. suppliers. While the U.S. political system is partly inspired by the British example, it differs in many important respects. Each branch of the government plays an important role in providing for the countrys citizens by creating laws and policies that are meant to make the living standards of the citizens better and provide them with safety and rights. Some of these challenges are brought about by differences in legal, political and economic systems of different countries. Retrieved from https://proessays.net/essays/economic-and-political-differences-china-vs-united-states. This observation makes one wonder whether the Democrats are exploiting well-intended pro-diversity causes at home as part of a power struggle against Republicans. In other words, it's actually the U.S. that's an ideologically driven state and not China, unlike what the Western mainstream media has falsely claimed in recent years. U.S. self-identification has been shaken under these circumstances. But surely gun shops being essential service during a huge medical virus shutdown is the height of insanity at this moment on this planet. The US is surrounded by Mexico, Canada, the Pacific Ocean, and the Atlantic Ocean. For international business management of doing business in a democratic country such as the US, it can be very comfortable for them since most barriers of trade have been removed and the political system is conducive. The Leninist nature of politics is also evidenced by the language used to discuss it. And believing that Chinas economic growth would have to be built on the same foundations as those in the West, many failed to envisage the Chinese states continuing role as investor, regulator, and intellectual property owner. Access more than 40 courses trusted by Fortune 500 companies. As well argue in the following pages, these assumptions reflect gaps in their knowledge about Chinas history, culture, and language that encourage them to draw persuasive but deeply flawed analogies between China and other countries. The big difference is that in China the party, state, and army is led by one person. For example, in making the case for why it should be involved in the UKs 5G infrastructure rollout, Huawei styled itself the John Lewis of China, in reference to the well-known British department store that is regularly ranked as one of the UKs most trusted brands. Chinas recent history means that Chinese people and the state approach decisions very differently from Westernersin both the time frames they use and the risks they worry about most. China, if it doesnt respond to U.S. nationalist challenges, will face soaring nationalist pressures at home. A Chinese professor who has lived in both the US and China believes there is a core cultural difference leading to the country's diverging paths. This is the best approach for one to have and ensures that its partnerships remain everlasting. She bought a flatthe first time anyone in her familys history had owned property. Chinas rulers see foreign engagement as a source less of opportunity than of threat, uncertainty, and even humiliation. Economic and Political Differences: China VS. United States. The differences in the political orders of China and the United States are "irreconcilable", making it difficult to keep relations between the two countries on a stable track, a leading. However, there are usually lawful ways to get around that. For example, over the past 15 years it has built the longest high-speed rail system in the world. When the United States formed its constitution, it specifically dictated the unalienable rights of every person. Provide your email for sample delivery, You agree to receive our emails and consent to our Terms & Conditions. China and the global economy. Lets be honest: A rising China may be a threat to Americas economic and technological supremacy, but not to its national security, because China doesnt export its ideology or political system and doesnt seek regime change anywhere in the world. Born in 1955, she experienced as a child the terrible Great Leap Forward famine in which 20 million Chinese starved to death. According to Nolan (2012) "as for the number of democrat countries, 123 of the 196 countries are exercising democracy as compared to only 69 countries in 1987" (p. 101). Eighty percent of the Senate and House of Representatives are male, while only 20 percent are either women or people of color. Obviously, as an economy develops and new problems emerge, all social systems need certain reforms. After all, if it genuinely believed in the merits of diversity at home, it wouldn't try to snuff out political diversity abroad. It is a global leader in AI, biotech, and space exploration. 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